Koji su simptomi tiroidna bolest nuspojave?">What are the symptoms of thyroid disease side effects?
In mild disease, patients present with eyelid retraction. In fact, it is the most common symptom of the eye in patients with Graves' Orbitopathia. This finding was associated with Von Graefovim sign (delay of the upper eyelid at the sight down), Kocher sign (in view of the above displacement of the eyeball), Dalrymple's sign (wide palpebral fissures during fixation) and lagophtalmos (inability to complete closure of the eyelids). Because of proptosis, eyelid retraction and lagophtalmos the cornea tends to dry out and can show signs of conjunctival edema, punctate epithelial erosions and signs of keratoconjunctivitis. The patient also showed dysfunction of the lacrimal gland in terms of reducing the amount and composition of tears. Nonspecific symptoms include irritation, photophobia, tearing and blurred vision. Pain is not typical, but patients often complain of pressure in the orbit. It also noted swelling periorbitalnog areas. In moderately active disease, the signs and symptoms are persistent and progressive and include myopathy. Inflammation and edema of the extraocular muscles affect the visual disturbances. Most commonly affected muscle is the inferior rectus, resulting in vertical diplopia with upward gaze and limitation of elevation of the eye muscles due to fibrosis. It can also increase the intraocular pressure of the eye. Diplopia are initially intermittent, but may gradually become chronic. The medial rectus is the second most commonly affected muscle, but may be asymmetrically affected and more muscle.

In very active disease, the overall effect and scars show in orbit. It manifests a progressive exophthalmos, restrictive myopathy, which reduces the mobility of the eye and optic neuropathy. With the enlargement of the extraocular muscles on top of the orbit increases the possibility of optic nerve compression - the same damage to the pressure of orbital fat or stretching the nerve of the eye increased orbital volume. The patient feels the loss of visual acuity, visual field defects, afferent pupillary defect, and loss of vision in terms of color recognition. This is an emergency and requires immediate surgery to prevent permanent blindness.